# ScriptCrunch: Cloud, DevOps & MLOps Guides > ScriptCrunch is an independent publication and blog focussed on tutorials and learning resources for developers, DevOps enigneers, system administrators, and IT professionals Public Ghost content for AI and LLM tooling. Use `/llms-full.txt` for consolidated page and post context. Append `.md` to any post or page URL to get the content in Markdown (for example, `/example-post.md`). ## Pages - [About](https://scriptcrunch.com/about-us.md) - What Scripcrunch is all about? There are significant shifts that happened in IT in terms of managing infrastructure and applications. Coding has become an integral part of infrastructure automation and application deployments. With evolving philosophies like DevOp and SRE, it is very important for… - [About this site](https://scriptcrunch.com/about.md) - ScriptCrunch is an independent publication launched in September 2025. 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This Privacy Policy document contains types of information that is collected and recorded by Scriptcrunch and how we use it. If you have additional questions or requi… - [signin](https://scriptcrunch.com/signin.md) - [Subscribe](https://scriptcrunch.com/subscribe.md) ## Posts - [Kubestronaut Bundle (KCNA+KCSA+CKA+CKAD+CKS) Discount For 2026](https://scriptcrunch.com/kubestronaut-bundle-discount.md) - Looking for the current Kubestronaut bundle coupon? You are in the right place. DCUBE30 is the current working coupon for the Kubestronaut bundle. The Kubestronaut Bundle is a special package offered by The Linux Foundation that includes five key kubernetes-certifications/">Kubernetes certification… - [[50% OFF] Kubernetes Certification Coupons (CKA, CKAD, CKS, KCNA and KCSA)](https://scriptcrunch.com/kubernetes-certification-coupon.md) - Looking for a CKA coupon and other kubernetes-certifications/">Kubernetes certification coupon codes? You have come to the right place. The following is the list of Kubernetes certifications. 1. Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA), 2. Certified Kubernetes Application Developer (CKAD), 3. Certi… - [[75% OFF] Linux Foundation Coupon Codes & CKA Coupons (Aug 2026)](https://scriptcrunch.com/linux-foundation-coupon.md) - Looking for an active Linux Foundation coupon code? Get up to 75% off CKA, CKAD, CKS, Kubestronaut bundles, training, Skillcreds, and IT professional programs with our verified promo codes for August 2026. Also, we have added saving tips on all the Linux Foundation offerings for better savings. 📌N… - [CKA Certification Study Guide (Certified Kubernetes Administrator)](https://scriptcrunch.com/kubernetes-exam-guide.md) - This comprehensive CKA certification exam study guide covers all the important aspects of the Certified Kubernetes Administrator exam and useful resources. Passing the cloud-native Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA) exam is not a cakewalk. To pass the CKA exam, you should have enough hands-on… - [Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA) - A Beginner's Guide](https://scriptcrunch.com/horizontal-pod-autoscaler.md) - Kubernetes offers one of the most efficient autoscaling mechanisms through the Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA). HPA is also included in the CKA exam. In this guide, we will explore how HPA works, how it calculates the desired number of replicas, and how to set it up step by step with a practical ex… - [Linux Foundation Cyber Monday Deal 2025: Save Up to 65%](https://scriptcrunch.com/linux-foundation-cyber-monday-deal.md) - The wait is finally over, the Linux Foundation Cyber Monday deal is live now From December 1st to December 9th, the Linux Foundation is offering its biggest discounts of 2025. Last time during this sale, I bought my Linux Foundation exam voucher for the CKA exam, and today I am a CKA-certified DevO… - [Best Black Friday Deals For Techies in 2025](https://scriptcrunch.com/best-black-friday-deals-techies.md) - In this blog, we have listed down all the best Black Friday deals and Cyber Monday deals for techies. This is the best time to get maximum savings on subscriptions. The best thing you can do if you are in IT is to invest in yourself through learning. Learning new tools, languages, and design patter… - [How to Create Single-Container Pod and Multi-Container Pod on Kubernetes](https://scriptcrunch.com/single-container-pod-and-multi-container-pod.md) - Creating Pods is one of the most fundamental tasks in Kubernetes and a core skill required for the Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA) exam. In this blog, we will discuss creating single-container Pods and multi-container Pods on Kubernetes. In the below example, we will see about creating pod… - [Kubernetes Authentication and Authorization](https://scriptcrunch.com/kubernetes-authentication-and-authorization.md) - Understanding authentication and authorization is essential for Kubernetes cluster security and is a core part of the Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA) exam. In this blog, we will discuss Kubernetes authentication and authorization. What Is Kubernetes Authentication? In Kubernetes, authentic… - [How to Create a ClusterRole and RoleBinding in Kubernetes](https://scriptcrunch.com/clusterrole-and-rolebinding.md) - Managing permissions in Kubernetes is an essential step when preparing for the CKA exam. In this blog post, we will cover how to create a ServiceAccount, a ClusterRole, and bind them together using a RoleBinding. What Is RBAC in Kubernetes? Kubernetes uses Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) to define… - [How to Create Jobs and CronJobs in Kubernetes?](https://scriptcrunch.com/create-jobs-and-cronjobs-on-kubernetes.md) - In this blog, we will see how to create Jobs and CronJobs on Kubernetes. Do you know what is Jobs and CronJobs on Kubernetes? If you don't know don't worry I will give you a quick review of Jobs and CronJobs in Kubernetes. What Are Kubernetes Jobs? Jobs are objects in Kubernetes that deploy a pod,… - [How to Create a ReplicaSet in Kubernetes?](https://scriptcrunch.com/replicaset.md) - In this blog, we will walk through what a ReplicaSet is, why it is used, and how to create one using a YAML configuration. What is ReplicaSet? A ReplicaSet is an object on Kubernetes, which runs identical pods in the desired number. ReplicaSet is managed and controlled by the ReplicaSet controller,… - [Managing Pods in Kubernetes Using Labels and Selectors](https://scriptcrunch.com/managing-pods-in-kubernetes-using-labels-and-selectors.md) - In this blog, we will explore Kubernetes Labels and Selectors, how they are used to manage pods in Kubernetes, and practical examples using Labels and Selectors. What are Labels on Kubernetes? As the name says, Labels are identifiers that are attached to objects in Kubernetes such as pods, services… - [Kubernetes DaemonSets: A Complete Guide (CKA Focus)](https://scriptcrunch.com/kubernetes-deamonsets.md) - DaemonSet is a very important topic in CKA certification. In this blog, we will learn about a basic understanding of Kubernetes DaemonSets and how to create DaemonSets on Kubernetes. What is DaemonSets? DaemonSet is an object of Kubernetes, which is deployed in every cluster node. When a pod is dep… - [Kubernetes Init Containers (Explained)](https://scriptcrunch.com/kubernetes-init-containers.md) - In this blog, we will gain a basic understanding of Kubernetes Init Containers and learn how to create one on Kubernetes. What is Init Containers? Init containers are containers that start and run before the main container of the pod starts running. Init containers run tasks that are required for t… - [How to Upgrade the Kubernetes Kubeadm Cluster?](https://scriptcrunch.com/upgrade-kubernetes-kubeadm-cluster.md) - In this blog, we are going to see how to upgrade the Kubernetes Kubeadm Cluster to version 1.33.1. The first control plane is upgraded to kubeadm and its control plane components (kubelet, kubectl). Then. worker nodes are upgraded to kubeadm and kubelet. Step to upgrade the Control Plane Switch to… - [How to Backup and Restore ETCD on the Kubeadm Cluster?](https://scriptcrunch.com/backup-and-restore-etcd-on-the-kubeadm-cluster.md) - In this blog, we will see how to backup and restore etcd on the kubeadm cluster. Backup ETCD on the Kubeadm Cluster First, let's see how to take backup of etcd, follow the below steps to backup etcd. To take a backup of etcd, you need etcdctl installed in your controller node. To install etcdct, ru… - [How to Create Static Pod on the Kubeadm Cluster](https://scriptcrunch.com/create-static-pod-on-the-kubeadm-cluster.md) - In this example, I am going to show you how to create a static pod on the Kubeadm cluster for the nginx web server. Step 1: Create a Manifest file First, we need to create a YAML manifest file for the nginx, static pod, to create the manifest file run the following command bashkubectl run nginx --i… - [How to Expose an Application in NodePort in a Kind Cluster](https://scriptcrunch.com/expose-nodeport-kind-cluster.md) - In this blog, we will explain how to expose an application using a NodePort service in a Kind cluster. We will keep everything simple and easy to understand. What is NodePort? * A NodePort is a way to make your application reachable outside the Kubernetes cluster. * With NodePort, Kubernetes will o… - [Understanding Docker ONBUILD Instructions: A Simple Guide with Real-World Examples](https://scriptcrunch.com/docker-onbuild-instruction.md) - If you have ever used Docker to package your applications, you might already know about Dockerfiles. A Dockerfile is like a recipe that tells Docker how to build your container image. However, there is a special instruction called ONBUILD that can sometimes be confusing if you have never tried it b… - [[65% OFF] Linux Foundation LFCA, LFCS & LFCT Exam Voucher Codes](https://scriptcrunch.com/lfca-lfcs-lfce-voucher-codes.md) - Linux Foundation has announced up to a $284 discount on its Linux certification programs Linux Foundation Certified IT Associate (LFCA) and Linux Foundation Certified Administrator (LFCS) Exam. The deal doesn't stop with just the certifications. There are certification exams and course bundles you… - [Python for DevOps: A Beginner's Guide](https://scriptcrunch.com/python-devops-tutorial-beginners.md) - One of the common questions aspiring DevOps engineers ask is, do we need Python for DevOps? In this blog, we will explain to you why Python is essential in the DevOps world. Information Technology is not like it used to be before. Most sysadmin tasks are automated using tools and scripting language… - [How to Create Kubernetes Deployment](https://scriptcrunch.com/kubernetes-object-deployment.md) - In this blog, we will explore Kubernetes object Deployment and how to deploy applications using both imperative and declarative methods. What is Deployment in Kubernetes? Deployment is an object of Kubernetes that manages rollout and lifecyle of applications pod with the help of replicasets, it hel… - [How to Create ServiceAccount, Role, and RoleBinding in Kubernetes](https://scriptcrunch.com/serviceaccount-role-and-rolebinding.md) - In this blog, we are going to see how to create a serviceaccount, role, and rolebinding in Kubernetes. Create ServiceAccount First, we are going to create a ServiceAccount on the default namespace, create a YAML file serviceaccount.yaml, and copy the below content to it apiVersion: v1 kind: Service… - [Kubernetes Configuration Files and their Locations](https://scriptcrunch.com/kubernetes-configuration.md) - In this blog, we will see about Kubernetes configuration files and their location. API Server API Server is a component of Kubernetes that acts as a central hub to manage the communication between other Kubernetes components. API Server is responsible for the authentication and authorization of API… - [[Solved] couldn't get current server API group list: Get "http://localhost:8080/api?timeout connect: connection refused](https://scriptcrunch.com/couldnt-get-current-server-api.md) - Issue: When trying to access the kubernetes cluster using kubectl you might get the couldn't get current server API - connection refuse error. Here is the full error. E0202 10:40:56.460499 6352 memcache.go:265] couldn't get current server API group list: Get "http://localhost:8080/api?timeout=32s":… - [CKA Series: Create a Pod Using Dry Run Flag](https://scriptcrunch.com/cka-create-pod-dry-run.md) - In this CKA Series blog, we will look at the steps to create a Kubernetes pod using the dry run flag with an init container. This method is particularly useful when you appear for Kubernetes certifications like CKA. The --dry-run=client flag is used with kubectl to create the pod YAML. Here is an e… - [How to Install Kubernetes: A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners](https://scriptcrunch.com/install-kubernetes.md) - Learn how to install Kubernetes with our 7 step guide. Perfect for beginners, this tutorial walks you through each step to get Kubernetes installed. We will setup the Kubernetes clusters using the official Kubeadm utility. It makes the cluster configurations very easily. Step 1: Create Two Servers… - [How to Install Prometheus on Ubuntu](https://scriptcrunch.com/install-prometheus-on-ubuntu.md) - Learn how to install Prometheus on Ubuntu with our easy-to-follow guide. Perfect for beginners to get your monitoring setup in no time. Prometheus is an open-source monitoring and alerting system for collecting, storing, and querying metrics data from multiple systems and applications. Let's see ho… - [Deploy Nginx Custom Website on Kubernetes With AWS ECR](https://scriptcrunch.com/deploy-nginx-kubernetes-ecr.md) - In this guide, we will learn how to deploy an Nginx custom website on Kubernetes With a container image for AWS ECR. ECR stands for Elastic Container Registry, it is a container registry service fully managed by AWS which makes it easier to store, manage, and deploy container images. Integration wi… - [30 Best Kubernetes Tutorials & Resources (Beginner to Advanced)](https://scriptcrunch.com/kubernetes-tutorial-guides.md) - This blog contains a list of the best Kubernetes tutorials that cover basic to advanced Kubernetes concepts. Best Kubernetes Tutorials For Beginners Following are the best tutorials that will help you get started with kubernetes. 1. Learn Kubernetes Basics: It is the official kubernetes tutorial bl… - [How to Check Kubernetes Cluster Health Status](https://scriptcrunch.com/check-kubernetes-cluster-health-status.md) - In this blog, you will learn different ways to check Kubernetes cluster health status. To check the Kubernetes cluster health, you can do the following. 1. Check cluster API health 2. Check Node status 3. Check cluster pod status Kubernetes Cluster Health Check Command You can check the health of t… - [How to Install CRI-O on Ubuntu For Kubernetes?](https://scriptcrunch.com/install-cri-o-ubuntu.md) - A step-by-step guide to installing cri-o container runtime on Ubuntu for kubeadm kubernetes setup. Here is what you should know about crio 1. cri-o is an open-source container runtime created by the open-source community to replace the Docker engine on Kubernetes. 2. cri-o is a stable container eng… - [How to Convert Helm Chart to Kubernetes YAML](https://scriptcrunch.com/convert-helm-chart-kubernetes-yaml.md) - In this blog, you will learn to convert existing Helm chart templates to Kubernetes YAML manifests. So, why would anyone want to convert a Helm template to a Kubernetes manifest? If you look at a community helm chart, sometimes it's confusing for beginners to understand all the components which the… - [How To Change Nginx index.html in Kubernetes With Configmap](https://scriptcrunch.com/change-nginx-index-configmap.md) - In this guide, you will learn how to change the default index.html in Kubernetes Nginx deployment with an index.html file from the configmap. Here is what we are going to do. 1. Create a config map with index.html file as data 2. Add the index.html configmap to the Nginx deployment as volume. Kuber… - [Python Script to Execute SQL Statements on PostgreSQL](https://scriptcrunch.com/python-script-to-execute-sql-statements-on-postgresql.md) - In this blog I have added the Python Script to connect and execute SQL statements on PostgreSQL databases. Here is what you will learn in this python script. 1. Connect to PostgreSQL database 2. Create cursor object for database connection session. 3. Execute SQL query 4. Save query data in a varia… - [[Solved] PostgreSQL ERROR: There is 1 other session using the database.](https://scriptcrunch.com/there-is-1-other-session.md) - In PostgreSQL, if you have active connection to the database and if you try to DROP the database, you will get the following error. ERROR: database "catalog" is being accessed by other users DETAIL: There is 1 other session using the database. To rectify this error and to drop the database, follow… - [How to Make API Call Using Python](https://scriptcrunch.com/make-api-call-with-python.md) - In this guide you will learn to make API call using Python script using a bearer token and data. Make API Call using Python To make an API call using python, you need to use the requests module. First you need to install the requests module using the following command. sudo pip3 install requests As… - [How To Parse JSON File Content Using Python](https://scriptcrunch.com/parse-json-file-using-python.md) - In this blog, you will learn to parse JSON file using a Python script. When it comes to day to day Python based DevOps work, parsing files is a common task. So it is essential to know how to parse JSON using Python. Parse JSON using Python Consider a scenario where you have to do the following usin… - [How to Install AWS CLI? Step by Step Configuration Guide](https://scriptcrunch.com/install-aws-cli-guide.md) - In this step-by-step guide, you will learn how to install AWS CLI and configure the CLI to connect to AWS and execute the CLI commands. AWS CLI supports the following platforms. 1. Linux 2. MAC 3. WIndows. We have added the commands to install AWS CLI on all three platforms in the way. Install AWS… - [How To Run a Python Script - Beginners Guide](https://scriptcrunch.com/run-python-script.md) - In this post, we will walk through the basic concepts, different ways, and environment setup that is required to run a python script. Prerequisites Following are the prerequisites to run a python script. 1. The first and foremost thing is the python environment to run and test your scripts. You can… - [[Solved] Vagrant Kubeadm Cluster Crashes on Reboot](https://scriptcrunch.com/solved-vagrant-kubeadm-cluster-crashes-on-reboot.md) - Issue: If you set up a kubernetes cluster in Vagrant using kubeadm on a Ubuntu box, the cluster master node service may fail to start on a VM reboot. If you check the kublet logs, you will see connection refused errors for etcd service. This issue is primarily due to swapoff issue. Kubeadm needs th… - [How to Check if gitignore is Working | Show Ignored Files](https://scriptcrunch.com/git-show-ignored-files.md) - .gitignore file is a great way to disallow files from being committed to git public or private repositories. In this blog, we will explain to you how to validate the .gitingnore file by listing the files using git check-ignore command. Git Show Ignored Files Git has an inbuilt command named check-i… - [ERROR! The ec2 dynamic inventory plugin requires boto3 and botocore.](https://scriptcrunch.com/ec2-dynamic-inventory-requires-boto3.md) - Issue: When trying to set up Ansible Dynamic inventory, I am getting the following error. ERROR! The ec2 dynamic inventory plugin requires boto3 and botocore. I have installed python3 and boto3. But still, ansible is throwing an error on boto3. [Solution] ec2 dynamic inventory plugin requires boto3… - [How to Setup Linux Welcome Message Using motd](https://scriptcrunch.com/setup-linux-welcome-message.md) - When you do ssh to a remote server, you might see a welcome message with the OS name, Team Name, or Company name. This can be configured to show our own welcome messages. Linux Welcome Message using motd The welcome message is called motd (message of the day). You can put custom messages on motd fi… - [Linux Shell Script To Automate Disk Usage Monitoring](https://scriptcrunch.com/linux-shell-script-to-automate-disk-usage-monitoring.md) - If you are running mission-critical applications on servers, it is important to monitor and notify the administrators about the linux/">disk usage. Many open source monitoring tools do the monitoring and can be integrated with various notification services. But let's say you are running a single se… - [Linux Commands To Check The Disk And Directory Information](https://scriptcrunch.com/linux-commands-to-check-the-disk-and-directory-information.md) - Even though you can check the disk, directory information, and usage using the graphical user interface, it is important to know the terminal commands to check the disk information and usage of a Linux machine. In this tutorial, you will learn the important commands to check the disk and directory… - [Groovy Script To Retrieve Jenkins Credentials](https://scriptcrunch.com/groovy-script-retrieve-jenkins-credentials.md) - Jenkins supports many credential types based on your needs. It could be a password, secret file, SSH private key, or a token. There could be many use cases to use a groovy script to deal with credentials. A few use cases are 1. You might want to create credentials in the run time. 2. You might want… - [What Are Hardlinks and Softlinks (symbolic links) In Linux And How To Create Them](https://scriptcrunch.com/what-are-hardlinks-and-softlinks-symbolic-links-in-linux-and-how-to-create-them.md) - Before understanding what hard links and soft links are, you must have an idea about innodes in Linux Innode is related to hardlinks and softlinks. What is an Innode in Linux? Innode is a Unix data structure that stores information about a file or a folder. But innode does not hold the name of the… - [[Solved] VBoxManage: error: Details: code NS_ERROR_FAILURE (0x80004005), component MachineWrap, interface IMachine](https://scriptcrunch.com/solved-vboxmanage-error-component-machinewrap.md) - Issue When starting up Virtual Box VMs using vagrant in mac, it throws the following errors. VBoxManage: error: Details: code NS_ERROR_FAILURE (0x80004005), component MachineWrap, interface IMachine VBoxManage: error: Failed to create the host-only adapter In this blog, we have given a step-by-step… - [[4 Months Off] TeamTreehouse Discount Coupon and Review](https://scriptcrunch.com/35-off-teamtreehouse-discount-coupon-and-review.md) - I joined Treehouse to learn web development basics and WordPress so I could start a website like this. Teamtreehouse is one of the best online portals for learning programming and application development. Be it mobile development or web application development, treehouse got it covered using its fi… - [DataCamp Discount: Get up to 50% Discount](https://scriptcrunch.com/datacamp-coupon.md) - With the Datacamp discount, you can save on premium and team plans. The discount is available only for a limited time. [50% OFF] Datacamp Flash Sale Get a 60% discount on a Datacamp subscription using the flash sale. Get Datacamp 50% Discount DataCamp Basic Free Access (Limited Acess) With Datacamp… - [[Solved] Jenkins Plugin Installtion Failed: Downloaded file /var/lib/jenkins/plugins/ does not match expected SHA-1](https://scriptcrunch.com/resolved-jenkins-plugin-failed.md) - Issue While installing or updating Jenkins plugins, it fails and throws the following SHA-1 error. java.io.IOException: Downloaded file /var/lib/jenkins/plugins/*.tmp does not match expected SHA-1, expected 'f2ncNlydUUSPrk6SoG255v+2kQU=', actual 'lZRJco4Ouv1j0AG4Aet7HadHg/Q=' Here is the reference… - [[Solved] EMR Cloudformation: Error parsing parameter '--parameters': Expected: '=', received: 'EOF' for input](https://scriptcrunch.com/error-parsing-parameter.md) - Issue: While executing AWS CLI for launching Cloudformation EMR stack, it throws the following error. Error parsing parameter '--parameters': Expected: '=', received: 'EOF' for input Solution: You will get this error if you pass the absolute template path without the file:// at the beginning of the… - [Script To Retrieve AWS EMR Master IP Address](https://scriptcrunch.com/script-retrieve-aws-emr-master-ip.md) - Somtimes it is required to fetch the EMR master IP dynamically for automation. One such use case is connecting AWS Sagemaker notebook instances to EMR with Livy. For this, you need to have the EMR master's private IP address to be configured in the Sparkmagic configurations. Prerequisites 1. Python… - [How To Enable Docker Remote API](https://scriptcrunch.com/enable-docker-remote-api.md) - In this post, you will learn how to expose Docker engines API for remote docker command execution through REST APIs What is Docker remote API? The primary use of a Docker remote API is to connect with the Docker engine remotely. Let's say you are running the docker host on a remote server and you w… - [How To Install and Configure MariaDB on Centos/RedHat](https://scriptcrunch.com/install-configure-mariadb-centos-redhat.md) - I want to install MariaDB on Redhat. How do I install MariaDB from command Line? About MariaDB: It is an open-source database solution. MariaDB Quick Installation on Centos/Redhat Step 1: Install MariaDB server and client sudo yum install mariadb-server mariadb -y Step 2: Start and enable MariaDB s… - [Installing and Setting up a WordPress on RHEL 7 / CentOS 7](https://scriptcrunch.com/install-configure-wordpress-rhel.md) - Basic Requirements Step 1: Connect to the server using key or user/password ssh -i ~/.ssh/demo.pem ec2-user@34.218.66.191 Step 2: update yum repo metadata. sudo yum update -y Step 3: Install wget sudo yum install -y wget Install LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySql [mariaDB] and PHP) stack Step 1: Install, s… - [Getting Started With Go: Beginner Tutorial](https://scriptcrunch.com/golang-for-devops.md) - Create a file named main.go in your project directory. package main import "fmt" func main() { fmt.Println("Hellow World Scripties") } From the above code, you should be having the following questions. 1. How do I run this code? 2. What does package main mean? 3. What does import fmt mean? 4. What… - [[Solved] Helm - Error: no available release name found](https://scriptcrunch.com/helm-error-no-available-release.md) - helm If you get no available release error in helm, it is likely due to the RBAC issue. While configuring helm, you would have probably created a RBAC with a service account named tiller which binds to a clusterRoleBinding with cluster admin credentials. Here is how the RBAC file looks like. apiVer… - [Docker Useful Hacks: Cheat Sheet For Beginners to Experts](https://scriptcrunch.com/docker-useful-hacks.md) - Docker has many commands to remember. If you are starting up with docker, We are pretty sure that you will have a hard time remembering all those commands and to manage containers. In this article, we have explained the necessary command to make you more productive while working with docker. Docker… - [How to Run Commands in a Stopped Container](https://scriptcrunch.com/run-commands-stopped-container.md) - There are few situations in which you might want to get into the container shell or may be run a single command in a stopped container. Situations like, 1. You started building an image and it stopped at some point. You are only left with an intermediate container and you want to troubleshoot it. 2… - [[Solution] Git Clone Error: java.io.IOException: error=2, No such file or directory](https://scriptcrunch.com/git-clone-error-java-io-ioexception.md) - Issue: In Jenkins, when I am trying to clone a git repository I am getting the following error. Attempting to resolve master from remote references... --version # timeout=10 ls-remote https://github.com/repo.git # timeout=10 java.io.IOException: error=2, No such file or directory org.codehaus.groov… - [How To Add Sudo User and Permissions in Linux](https://scriptcrunch.com/add-sudo-user-permissions-linux.md) - Sudo user in Linux will have permissions similar to a root user. With full sudo privileges, a user will be able to perform any operations on the Linux system. It is very important to categorize a user as a sudo user based on the use case. In this guide, we will look in to the following. 1. Create a… - [Linux Academy Coupon and Review: Get 24% Off on Annual Plan](https://scriptcrunch.com/linuxacademy-coupon.md) - Linux Academy is one of the best websites for learning Linux, DevOps and cloud computing. DevOps and cloud computing skills are very sought after skills in the market now. Linux Academy provides great on-demand training on these sought-after skills. In this article, we have added Linuxacademy coupo… - [Hashicorp Vault Setup: Getting Started Guide](https://scriptcrunch.com/hashicorp-vault-setup.md) - In this guide, you will learn the latest Hashicorp vault setup using step by step instructions. The backend for vault storage used is server Filesystem Hashicorp Vault Setup Follow the step by step instructions given below to get a working vault setup with UI. Note:development Step 1: Go to Hashico… - [Jenkins Installtion Guide: Step by Step Instruction For Linux](https://scriptcrunch.com/jenkins-installtion-guide.md) - This guide will help in Jenkins installation using step by step instructions. It explains the different methods to setup jenkins on a Linux server. Hardware Requirements Jenkins server should meet the following minimum hardware requirements to run smoothly. 1. 2GB RAM 2. 30GB Hard disk (Better to h… - [How To Create CA and Generate SSL/TLS Certificates & Keys](https://scriptcrunch.com/create-ca-tls-ssl-certificates-keys.md) - This guide explains the process of creating CA keys and certificates and uses them to generate SSL/TLS certificates & keys using SSL utilities like OpenSSL and cfssl. Terminologies used in this article: 1. PKI - Public key infrastructure 2. CA - Certificate Authority 3. CSR - Certificate signing re… - [Types of SSL/TLS Certificates Explained - Beginners Guide](https://scriptcrunch.com/types-of-ssl-tls-certificates-explained.md) - In this guide, we have explained the different types of SSL/TLS certificates with its use cases. Terms Used: 1. CA - Certificate Authority 2. Root CA - Root Certificate Authority Certificate (Public) 3. SSL - Secure Socket Layer 4. TLS - Transport Layer Security Types of SSL/TLS Certificates There… - [How To Install and Configure Terraform](https://scriptcrunch.com/how-to-install-and-configure-terraform.md) - Terraform can be installed in the following platforms 1. MAC 2. Linux 3. Solaris 4. Windows 5. FreeBSD 6. OpenBSD Follow the steps given below to install and configure terraform in your system. Step 1: Head over to the terraform downloads page -> Terraform Downloads Step 2: Download the zip file fo… - [AWS Certification: IAM Essentials and Concepts Cheat Sheet](https://scriptcrunch.com/aws-certification-iam-essentials-cheat-sheet.md) - In this IAM essentials, we will look into the important aspects of IAM and its functionalities. IAM Basics 1. AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) - Create users and groups to manage your AWS resources. Individual permissions can be applied using policies. 2. Granular policies can be applied to… - [Complete DevOps Tutorial Series](https://scriptcrunch.com/devops-tutorial-series.md) - The aim of this tutorial series is to take anyone from zero to devops. We will cover each and every step required you to practice devops and learn automation tools. All the tutorial series will contain enough information and linked resources to get a good understanding of the tools and technologies… - [GoLang Tutorial: Variable Tutorial For Beginners](https://scriptcrunch.com/golang-variables-tutorial.md) - A variable is an identifier for allocating memory to store a specific value. Variable Declaration Variable declaration in GO has the following syntax. var An example variable declaration is shown below. package main import "fmt" func main() { var name string //… - [How To Launch Multiple VM's With Single Vagrantfile](https://scriptcrunch.com/launch-multiple-vms-single-vagrantfile.md) - Often times you might want to launch more than one VM of a related application with different configurations. In this case, you don't have to create multiple vagrant configurations. You can use a single Vagrantfile with multiple configurations as shown below. The best part is you can start VM's ind… - [AWS Certification: S3 Storage Essentials and Concepts Cheat Sheet](https://scriptcrunch.com/aws-certification-s3-essentials-concepts.md) - Introduction Amazon s3 is a highly available and durable object storage which can store virtually any type of data. (Images, Videos, text documents, backups and so on). It is a global service, however, you can get the region-specific endpoint for faster access. Terminologies: 1. Bucket: A logical s… - [AWS Certification: Cloudfront Essentials, Tips, and References](https://scriptcrunch.com/cloudfront-essentials-tips-and-references.md) - Cloudfront is a low-latency content delivery network (CDN) service provided by AWS. Like any other CDN services, Cloudfront will distribute and deliver files all over the world using different AWS datacenters or edge locations. Cloudfront Essentials, Tips, and References In this article, we have ex… - [AWS Certification: Storage Gateway Essentials and References](https://scriptcrunch.com/storage-gateway-essentials-references.md) - AWS storage gateway is a service, in which a virtual storage appliance (on a hypervisor) is placed in your on-premise data center. The virtual appliance, in turn, connects to AWS cloud storage services. All the data (from on-prem storages) which is connected to the virtual appliance will be written… - [AWS Certification: ec2 Essentials, concepts and References](https://scriptcrunch.com/aws-certification-ec2-essentials-concepts.md) - ec2 (elastic compute cloud) is one of the main services of AWS. It can be considered as the backbone of AWS. When it comes to the certification exam, this is one of the most important services that you should focus on. ec2 provides instances (virtual servers) . You can provision an instance in a ma… - [AWS Certification: Cloudwatch Essentials, Concepts and References](https://scriptcrunch.com/aws-certification-cloudwatch-essentials.md) - Cloudwatch is a monitoring service from AWS. By default, cloud watch is enabled for your ec2 instances which monitor your instances every five minutes. You can also enable detailed monitoring (Costs extra money ) which monitors your instances every one minute. Cloudwatch Metrics: Cloudwatch let you… - [How to Create and Setup SSH Authentication for BItbucket and Github](https://scriptcrunch.com/setup-ssh-authentication-for-bitbucket-and-github.md) - I want to setup ssh authentication keys for my GitHub and Bitbucket account. So that I can commit to those repositories without username and password. How can I achieve this? Solution: You can setup a passwordless authentication to your repositories on Github and Bitbucket using ssh keys. Follow th… - [[solved] Jenkins Intermittent "Slave went offline during the build"](https://scriptcrunch.com/solved-jenkins-intermittent-slave-went-offline-build.md) - Issue: I have my Jenkins master and slave setup on AWS instance. I am build i have a maven deploy task to upload a large artifact to nexus. During which the upload is getting timed out and i am getting "Slave went offline during the build" error. How do i solve this issue. This issue is normally ca… - [Check Application Status Using Ansible Play - wait_for moudle](https://scriptcrunch.com/check-application-status-using-ansible.md) - I have an application running on port 8080. I want to check if the port is open and the application is successfully running on the port. How can i do this using ansible wait_for module? Check Application Status Using waif_for module There are two things, 1. If a port is opened, it doesn't mean your… - [[Solved] Glusterfs already part of a volume Error For Volume Creation](https://scriptcrunch.com/solved-glusterfs-already-part-volume-error-volume-creation.md) - I am trying to create a volume in Glusterfs and I am getting an error saying "Volume creation Failed: gdata is already part of a volume". How can i rectify this problem? Glusterfs: already part of a volume Error This error normally occurs when traces of metadata and configs are present it the brick… - [How to Install and Configure MongoDb on Redhat 7/CentOS 7](https://scriptcrunch.com/install-configure-mongodb-redhatcentos-7.md) - How do I install the latest mongoDB database server and components in Redhat 7 or a centos 7 box? There are no Mongodb packages available in the default yum repository. You need to add the mongoDb repository and then install and configure it. Follow the guide given below which has the steps for the… - [How to Install Anible IN Redhat 7/ Centos 7 Servers](https://scriptcrunch.com/install-anible-redhat-7-centos-7-servers.md) - How do I install latest ansible server on a Redhat or Centos 7 server? You can easily install the latest stable version of ansible in a Redhat or centos7 server using the EPEL repo. The default yum repo does have the ansible installation. Follow the steps for the ansible setup. You can install Ansi… - [Linux Shell Scripting Beginner Tutorial - Part 1](https://scriptcrunch.com/linux-shell-scripting-beginner-tutorial-part-1.md) - Linux shell is an interactive mode to run the Linux commands. You can type commands in terminal using keyboard and you can run it using shell. Lets say , you want to automate some action on your Linux machine. In this case you cannot feed the terminal with commands one by one. So what you can do is… - [[ Solved ] Vagrant Folder Mount Issue](https://scriptcrunch.com/solved-vagrant-folder-mount-issue.md) - By default vagrant mounts the host folder to /vagrant directory of the Virtual machine where you have the vagrantfile. This allows us to share files and codebase to the virtual machine without dealing with file transfer utilities or SCP command. But you might face error sometimes that it does not m… - [How To Deploy a Spring Webapp To Tomcat Server](https://scriptcrunch.com/how-to-install-and-setup-tomcat-on-ubuntu-server.md) - This tutorial will guide you through the steps for deploying a plain spring web application to a tomcat server. If you haven't setup Tomcat server, you can follow the steps given below to set it up on a Ubuntu server. Setting Up tomcat7 on Ubuntu All the required steps for the configuration and set… - [List of Main Advantages of Distributed Version Control Systems](https://scriptcrunch.com/295.md) - In this post, we will discuss some important concepts which showcase some of the advantages of distributed version control systems. A picture is worth thousand words. If you want to know the difference between a centralized and distributed version control system, have a look at the image below. Adv… - [WordPress Insert into Post Blank Page Issue [Solved]](https://scriptcrunch.com/wordpress-insert-post-blank-page-issue.md) - Q: When I try to use images using "insert into post" option, WordPress is giving a blank page and the image is not getting inserted. How do I solve this issue? The above-mentioned problem occurs when you use a new theme or maybe because of some code changes in your WordPress function file. Insert i… - [Linux Process Management Tutorial For Developers](https://scriptcrunch.com/linux-process-management-tutorial.md) - Linux is a multitasking system, which means it can run multiple tasks (process) at a time. Basically, a process is a running program or a task or a command on your Linux system. Linux Process Management for Developers When you are developing applications on Linux, you will be using a web server, da… - [Linux Tutorial: Finding Files in Linux](https://scriptcrunch.com/linux-tutorial-finding-files-in-linux.md) - Note: In Linux, everything is treated as files. Even folders are treated as files. There will be situations where you might probably want to find a file in your Linux system. You can find files and folders in Linux using the following commands 1. Which 2. Whereis 3. Locate 4. Find Which: Which comm… - [Linux Shell Scripting Beginner Tutorials - Part II](https://scriptcrunch.com/linux-shell-scripting-beginner-tutorials-part-ii.md) - In this second series, you will learn about script debugging, conditional statements and case statements. Debugging shell script Everything goes wrong at some point. You can debug the shell script for error like any other programming languages using two switches “-v” and “-x”. Just append the switc… - [Linux Tutorial For Beginners- Part I](https://scriptcrunch.com/linux-tutorial-for-beginners-part-i.md) - Why should you learn Linux?Linux is an awesome OS to work with. It is very malleable and it is really really fun to work with linux OS. Am not going to elaborate on this. Just read the article published by redhat and You will understand why you should learn Linux. Read: why should you learn linux C… - [Windows Powershell Tutorials - Discovering Commands and Using Help](https://scriptcrunch.com/windows-powershell-tutorials-discovering-commands-and-using-help.md) - When you start learning powershell you wont be knowing all the commands. So the help system will let you discover the commands and gives you a short note about what a particular command does. By using help you can avoid lots ans lots of errors and you can save time in the learning process. The firs… - [Windows Powershell Tutorials For Beginners - Getting Started](https://scriptcrunch.com/windows-powershell-tutorials-for-beginners-getting-started.md) - What is powershell: Windows powershell is an excellent command line shell for windows operating system. It is also described as a an object oriented programming language. Using powershell scripts you can manage your windows operating system, automate tasks, manage applications etc,.etc,.For windows… - [How To Process Rails Form With Model Without The Data Getting Saved To Database](https://scriptcrunch.com/how-to-process-rails-form-with-model-without-the-data-getting-saved-to-database.md) - Rails form_for helper used the active record class for handling the forms and saving to database. However in some cases you might not want your form data to be saved in a database. For example, if you are developing an application which creates a bucket in amazon s3, you wouldn’t want your bucket n… - [How To Rectify Transaction Lock /var/lib/rpm in Linux](https://scriptcrunch.com/how-to-rectify-transaction-lock-varlibrpm-in-linux.md) - When you interrupt yum installation and try to reinstall the package again , you are likely to get a transaction lock. You can rectify this issue using the following methods. 1. Remove the db files and rebuild those files again using the following commnds. Sudo rm -f /var/lib/rpm/__db.00* Sudo rpm… - [How To Connect Jsp And Mysql Using Eclipse](https://scriptcrunch.com/how-to-connect-jsp-and-mysql-using-eclipse.md) - This tutorial will teach you how to connect MySQL database and JSP on eclipse. I really had a hard time connecting JSP and MySQL since I could not find any right resource on the internet. So, I thought I would share my experience. Here am using eclipse indigo. Getting Started Prerequisites: 1. Apac… - [Setting Up Ruby On Rails Environment On Windows, Linux And Testing The Application With Heroku PaaS](https://scriptcrunch.com/setting-up-ruby-on-rails-environment-on-windows-linux-and-testing-the-application-with-heroku-paas.md) - In this tutorial am going to explain how to set up ruby on rails environment , create a rails application and test that application on Hereoku paas, so that you can see how your application will look and work in production environments. Also i will go through the errors i encountered during the set… - [What is SSL and How To setup SSL On Linux Httpd, Apache2](https://scriptcrunch.com/what-is-ssl-and-how-to-setup-ssl-on-linux-httpd-apache2.md) - SSL (Secure Socket Layer) is a protocol , which establishes a secure connection between a web browser and the server so that no one can steal the data sent back and forth from the web browser and web server. In layman's terms, you can have a secure connection between the user and server by encrypti… - [Setting Up A New Rails Applications And Working With Controllers And Views](https://scriptcrunch.com/setting-up-a-new-rails-applications-and-working-with-controllers-and-views.md) - Controllers and views are the integral part of ruby on rails frameworks. The requests from the client is first sent to the server and the server directs the request to appropriate controller, the controllers in turn directs the request to a model if necessary and connects it to the view to show the… - [Introduction To Ruby On Rails MVC Framework](https://scriptcrunch.com/introduction-to-ruby-on-rails-mvc-framework.md) - Ruby on rails is a framework for developing web applications based on ruby programming language. Ruby is not only used for web application development but also for various other native applications. Ruby is purely object oriented and it make programming lots more easier using the oops concepts. Rub… - [How To Setup Ruby On Rails On Ubuntu With PostgreSQL Database](https://scriptcrunch.com/how-to-setup-ruby-on-rails-on-ubuntu-with-postgresql-database.md) - Ruby on rails is an excellent framework for developing web apps using ruby. And to be clear, ruby on rails is not a language but it is a framework. Lot of people misunderstand ruby on rails as a language. Using ruby on rails you can develop a web application really faster as opposed to other framew… - [PhP Classes and Objects Explained](https://scriptcrunch.com/php-classes-and-objects-explained.md) - Class: Class is a way to organize the data. For instance , you want to write a program to display the names of parts of a car. What you can do is you can echo out all the part names of a car. So , now you want to display the part names of 10 cars . Now echoing out sounds little bitter, isnt it? her… - [PhP Simulation Script Using Conditional Statements.](https://scriptcrunch.com/php-simulation-script-using-conditional-statements.md) - This script simulates a dog moving to its kennel. It consists of all conditional statements except switch. Initially we set to random positions for the dog and the kennel using the php function rand(). We set up the position using the x, y cordinates. Here i have used a 10X10 square. you can check… - [Conditional Statements in PhP](https://scriptcrunch.com/conditional-statements-in-php.md) - 1. If, else and ifelse: "; } elseif ($num<1) /*checks if the name is less than one or else it will go to the else statement */ { Echo "the number is less t… - [Variables, Type casting ,Concatination and Constants in PhP](https://scriptcrunch.com/variables-type-casting-concatination-and-constants-in-php.md) - 1. Variables: $ sign is used for defining the variables in PHP. eg: $var_1 =12. Here the datatype is automatically assigned. You don't have to specify the datatype of a declared variable. echo is used to output the results. 2. Changing a variable's data type: